There are numerous types of seizures. Here is information about some of
them.
When medical professionals talk about seizures, they
often use three important terms. Ictal period refers to the time that the
seizure is going on. The post-ictal period
refers to the time after the seizure, when the person may be confused and disoriented. Interictal
refers to the periods of time between seizures.
Generalized tonic clonic seizures were previously known as grand mal seizures. These
are the seizures most people think of when they think of having epilepsy. According to my research, they are not the most
common seizure type. They typically involve falling to the floor, stiffening of the limbs, and shaking of the limbs. Many
people who have this type of seizure sleep after it is over.
Simple partial seizures are seizures that affect only certain parts of the body. They do not necessarily cause a person
to lose consciousness. People do not always recognize them as seizures.
Complex
partial seizures involve loss of consciousness but
may still allow the person to perform simple tasks. Behavior during a complex partial seizure may seem uncharacteristic of
the epileptic seizure. These seizures are also referred to as temporal lobe seizures. Complex partial seizures are sometimes confused with nonepileptic seizures and/or dissociation. Misdiagnosis
has been reported in all three cases. Complex partial seizures may occur with impairment of consciousness, cognitive symptoms,
affective symptoms (symptoms involving mood), psychosensory symptoms, psychomotor symptoms (automatic behaviors), or a combination
of these symptoms.
Absence seizures were previously known as petit mal seizures and
involve a loss of consciousness which is usually brief. Absence seizures usually occur in children and may be mistaken for
daydreaming.
An affective seizure is a focal or temporal lobe seizure accompanied by emotional reactions.
An aversive seizure is on in which the head, eyes, or trunk turn to one side. One arm may remain raised.
Atonic drop attacks are seizures which involve a sudden loss of muscle control. These are also called akinetic
seizures.
Audiogenic seizures are seizures induced by high-frequency sound waves.
Eneuretic seizures are seizures involving bedwetting. This is not the same as nocturnal bedwetting. This is also
often called incontinence.
Febrile seizures are convulsions which occur in conjunction with a high fever. They do not necessarily indicate
that a person has epilepsy.
Focal seizures
are seizures which affect only a specific part of the brain.
Jacksonian seizures begin
as simple partial seizures which then take on motor symptoms such as twitching of the muscles or limbs, turning the head to
the side, paralysis, visual changes, or vertigo may occur.
Lennox-Gastaut
syndrome is a severe form of epilepsy. Seizures usually begin before 4 years of age.
Seizure types can vary among patients and may include tonic (stiffening of the body, rolling of the eyes, dilation
of the pupils, and altered breathing patterns), atonic (brief loss of muscle tone and consciousness, causing abrupt falls),
atypical absence (staring spells), and myoclonic (sudden muscle jerks). There may be periods of frequent seizures mixed with
brief, relatively seizure-free periods.
Musicogenic seizures are temporal lobe seizures brought on by one's emotional reactions to music.
Myoclonic seizures are characterized by a brief jerking movement that
arises from the central nervous system, usually involving both sides of the body. The movement may be very subtle or very
dramatic.
Progressive Myoclonus Epilepsy (PME)
is a syndrome involving the central nervous system and representing more than a dozen different diseases.
These diseases share certain features, including a worsening of symptoms over time and the presence of both muscle contractions
(myoclonus) and seizures (epilepsy). Patients may have more than one type of seizure, such as petit mal or grand mal. PME
is progressive, but the rate of progression may be quick or slow, depending on the underlying disease.
Progressive Myoclonus
Epilepsy (PME) is different from myoclonic epilepsy. In myoclonic epilepsy, the myoclonic jerking motions occur as part of
the seizure. In PME, myoclonus occurs separately from seizures, the two respond differently to the same drugs, they evolve
differently during the natural history of the disease, and they cause different problems for the patient.
Photosensitive epilepsy
refers to seizures triggered by flashing lights.
Epileptic coma
refers to the state of sleep that follows a seizure.
Epileptic fugue
involves automatic movements following a seizure. It is characterized by amnesia and flight.
Nonepileptic seizures, also called pseudoseizures
or psychogenic seizures have a variety of explanations.
A diagnosis of nonepileptic seizures is often made when seizure activity does not show up on an EEG. The term, nonepileptic
seizure is preferred by some professionals and individuals because it leaves open the possibility of a variety of explanations.
The terms pseudoseizure and psychogenic seizure can be misleading. When someone is diagnosed with pseudoseizures, a common
assumption is that the person is faking the seizures in order to get attention. According to research, psychogenic seizures
can also occur in response to stress or traumatic events, especially childhood physical or sexual abuse. Other conditions
which can mimic seizures include multiple sclerosis, Parkinson's disease, some sleep disorders, and other neurological disorders.